Impulsive buying in luxury consumption among Chinese consumers ( table Dissertation

Impulsive buying in luxury consumption among Chinese consumers ( table of contents ) - Dissertation Example The number of affluent households (whose annual income exceed RMB 250,000) in China is expected to reach 4.4 million by 2015. With the growing affluence in China and the demand for luxury brands on the rise, marketers need to evaluate the needs and wants of the luxury consumers. Thus, with the aim to evaluate impulsive consumer buying behaviour in the luxury segment in China, three objectives were stated and all the three objectives have been met. The study finds that consumer buying behaviour is influenced by the internal and external factors. The thought process and emotions behind consumer decisions, the environmental variables, the motivations, the individual differences and personal factors influence the purchasing decisions. The Chinese consumers associate luxury goods and consumption with culture and history, although some did associate luxury with price. Most Chinese consumers demonstrate Veblen, Snob and the Bandwagon effect, while some do lay emphasis on their own thoughts and feelings (hedonists). The Chinese consumers do attach importance to price but not too much significance to the CoO (Country-of-Origin) possibly because they follow what the others do. Culture influences the psychological factors in the luxury segment. The psychological factors include perception, attitudes, and motives towards luxury consumption. Chinese society is a collectivist society where conforming to the societal norms comes naturally to people. The growing affluence has enhanced the trend towards luxury consumption. The Chinese consumers find luxury brands deliver psychological values as it enhances their self-esteem and self-confidence. Since the Chinese consumers are affluent, status-seeking behaviour was found to influence luxury consumption. Such consumption satisfies their inner drives and gives them self-fulfillment. The Chinese consumers demonstrate impulsive buying behaviour in luxury consumption. Self-esteem and enhancing social status appear to be the strongest motivators in impulse purchase of luxury goods. Because of the impulsive tendencies they may become compulsive buyers as well. The study concludes that the consumerism has changed the way people consume. The definition of luxury too needs to be redefined as it is no more the prerogative of a few. As affluence has grown consumerism and materialism has grown which in turn has changed buying behaviour. The motives, attitudes and perceptions have undergone change and this change is ongoing. Consumers are becoming impulsive in their buying behaviour and this is predominant even in luxury consumption. The task for marketers is complex in trying to segment, target and position luxury brands. However, since impulsive buying does exist in luxury consumption, promotions can be designed to stimulate impulsive buying. The study concluded by suggesting area for further research on the subject. Table of Contents Chapter One: Introduction 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Rationale for research 2 1.3 Research Aims and Objectives 3 1.4 Structure of the Study 4 Chapter Two: Literature review 2.1 Chapter Overview 5 2.2 Consumer buying behaviour 5 2.3 Stages of consumer buying behaviour 9 2.4 Types of consumer buying behaviour 11 2.5 Factors affecting consumer buying behaviour 15 2.6 Luxury buying behaviour 18 Chapter Three: Methodology 3.1 Research Philosophy 22 3.2 Purpose of the research and phenomena 22 3.3 Epistemology 22 3.4 Research strategy 24 3.5 Data

Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 15

Entrepreneurship - Essay Example e strengths and limitations of the business, primary areas where the entrepreneur requires in developing expertise and economic risks in starting the venture. It reflects the dynamic procedure of planning, and reviewing the agenda of the business over time. Business plan assists executive talents realize an entrepreneur’s idea and determine the viability of the business in investing resources and time. The two most crucial aspects of a business plan are mission statement or idea and information analysis. This is because a business plan states the mission or the idea of the business in a clear and brief manner. The business idea communicates the venture’s philosophy, ideas and core values. Organization information, on the other hand, communicates the organizational structure of the venture to investors and members. It also indicates the financial status, information flow, decision-making process and new ideas of the business. Gumbert, David , Harold Klein, and Robin Sands. How to Really Create a Successful Business Plan: The Importance of a Business Plan in Building Your Business : [the Essential Elements of a Great Plan]. Boston, Mass.: Inc. Magazine,

Dishonest salespeople and gossip Essay Example for Free

Dishonest salespeople and gossip Essay No matter what culture one belongs, common observation shows that women â€Å"gossip† while men â€Å"talk shop†; women are â€Å"bossy† and men are â€Å"firm† (Women’s Language, 2005). However, even if common observation shows that women talk more than men, research findings prove otherwise. In fact, findings would even show that â€Å"men have been shown to talk more than women in settings as diverse as staff meetings, television panel discussions and husband-and-wife pairs in spontaneous conversation† (Women’s Language, 2005). As men tend to talk about â€Å"male things† like politics, sports, cars, women talk about the â€Å"women things† such as child-rearing, household chores and some personal relationships. According to Pamela Fishman’s research studies, women are relatively weak in interactive situations because they tend to â€Å"exploit questions and answers in order to force a response and keep the conversation going† (Women’s Language, 2005). Therefore, â€Å"gossiping† is common and universal. People always love to hear something about the other person who is not on the scene of conversation. What about dishonest salespeople? (rhetorical question) Are these people more disgusting than those who gossip? Looking at the gravity of damage which one causes more harm?   Looking at the gravity between the results, which causes greater damage? Looking at the gravity of the situation, it seems that gossiping is the most destructive trait here. (parallelism). But of course, people will not discount the fact that dishonesty in sales is also a bad trait. For one, not all incidents of dishonesty are detected and not all detected cases are reported. Therefore any fraud statistic is an estimate. Nevertheless, the statistics make it clear that dishonesty in salespeople occurs frequently, and no organization is immune (Peterson Zikmund, 2004). The costs of fraud and dishonesty will continue to rise unless auditors, management, and the general public become more proactive in learning about the types of fraud, the perpetrators and valuable fraud prevention and detection techniques (Bezanis, 2002). It is important to be able to know the difference between the real and spurious products in order to maintain the good image of that company. Fraud is conventionally defined as â€Å"intentional deception, deceitful pretenses, or deliberate trickery to gain an advantage† (Hanlin, 2004). Fraud encompasses an array of irregularities and illegal acts characterized by intentional deception. Every fraud involves three elements: (1) theft act, (2) concealment, and (3) conversion (Albrecht Albrecht, 2001). For instance, buyers who get the misfortune of buying fake Gucci bags are able to identify the fake product because of the flimsy hardware, cheap leather and misspelled logos. The fake bags are so like the originals that it is hard to spot them quickly. There are businessmen who are able to copy the smart way. High-end label bags cost around $500 to over $1,000. Anything less than these price ranges are fake. Buyers are also encouraged to read the fine print so that they do not buy those that says, â€Å"Designer Inspired.† The numerous issues which plague the business sector with allegations and prosecution of unethical conduct easily fall under either the definition of fraud or unfair and deceptive practices. Or if the issue does not fit with the two terms, it can fall under unethical business conduct. The unethical conduct is a catchall phrase that includes fraud and unfair practice and other aspects beyond the scope of the two terms. In the same manner, gossip is also an unethical business indulged by people regarding other people. However, gossip causes hurt. It can hurt people and damage lives. Thus, gossip, depending on the seriousness can be extremely dangerous too. It can damage a person’s reputation and image. In the long run, gossip seems to be more damaging than dishonest salespeople because one can always return a fake product. But the destruction one causes in gossip spreads like wildfire and cannot be restored. As defined, ethical business conduct is doing something that is not required by law, contract, or other obligation and which is a positive contribution to society. Therefore, a contrary conduct is unethical. This means doing something which is prohibited by law, contract, or other obligation or which has a negative contribution to society. Contribution to society is now part of the definition because ethical business conduct has evolved into what is termed as corporate and social responsibility. An act of the company has a vast effect on the society as a whole. In the course of human interactions, there are many situations in which it is difficult to make a decision because values come into conflict. It is essential that an individual or an organization engage in values clarification to develop a personal decision-making process that fosters ethical behavior.

The Government And Environmental Policy Essays -- essays research pape

The Government and Environmental Policy The purpose of the United States' public policy law is to implement restrictions in an effort to solve problems, which can be seen with the Clean Water Act. Public policy has also been employed to reform the Endangered Species Act of 1973. Although the United States government is noble in it's efforts to preserve the environment through these acts, the internal structure of public policy often retards these acts' effectiveness. This paper will explore the many ways in which factors such as horizontal implementation, divided government, and other forms of public policy affect the environmental legislation involved with the aforementioned acts. The main factors involved with the Endangered Species Act of 1973 involve horizontal implementation structure and divided government. Before one can discuss how these policies affect environmental legislation, a brief description of each must first be lucidly explained. When our government was founded, a system of checks and balances was implemented between the executive, judicial, and legislative branches to ensure that no one part of government gets too much power. Although this limits the power of any one person in government, it often slows down the ability of government because a consensus can be difficult with so many people working together. Another problem is that there are many subgovernments affecting the legislation as well, such as interest groups like the Sierra Club, Administrative Agents like the Environmental Protection Agency, and Congressional Committees. Because these groups add to the total number of people working on the legislation, the original noble ideology of making policy for the good of the nation is voided. Also because there are so many differences of opinion, few drastic changes are made, instead small incremental changes are made which take up lots of time and retard the effectiveness and enforcement of the legislation. In addition to this chaotic turmoil, four steps must be implemented in order to pass a bill. These are initiation & definition, formulation & enactment (legitimation), implementation, and evaluation. The most relevant one of these steps is horizontal implementation when one considers the Endangered Species Act and Clean Water Act. This policy is the process that puts a law into effect after it has been legitimized. Congres... ...ne." (Adler, pg. 1) The Act's goals as set forth by Congress was to eliminate toxic discharge into significant bodies of water by 1985, improve water quality for marine and freshwater life by 1983, and for all "toxic pollutants in toxic amounts" into water. Of course that act has had mediocre success, and only through continued cooperation of the government's branches will further progress be made. In conclusion, it has been shown how different branches of government, different administrations, and different policies all worked together to retard the implementation of the Endangered Species Act and the Clean Water Act of the early 1970's. Although these processes do act in a system of governmental checks and balances as the founders of this country wished, the effectiveness of the acts take many years of careful compromising to become significant. REFERENCES 1. Adler, Robert W., et. al. The Clean Water Act 20 Years Later Island Press Washington, D.C. 1993 2. Horton, Tom "The Endangered Species Act: Too tough, too weak, too late." (1992) Audubon Vol. 94 pgs. 68-74

Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been -Joyce Carol Oates

Nightmare or Reality? Joyce Carol Oates creates an inquisitive plot that causes the reader to question events in the story, â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? † She develops this story featuring a girl named Connie, who has an encounter with a boy at a restaurant that she doesn’t know. â€Å"He wagged a finger and laughed and said, â€Å"Gonna get you, baby,† and Connie turned away†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Oates 210). Startled Connie only saw this boy once that night, but the story goes on, and a few days later he comes to her house where she learns that the boy’s name is â€Å"Arnold Friend. She is unaware how the boy knows anything about her, where she lives, and the fact that he knows all about her family and friends. In the short story, â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? † Joyce Carol Oates creates significant details that some readers might miss, revealing that Connie is actually having a nightmare where Arnold Friend is an im aginary character. The day that Arnold Friend came to Connie’s house she had been left at home alone, while her family went to a barbecue at her aunt’s house. â€Å"Connie sat with her eyes closed in the sun, dreaming and dazed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Oates 211).This is when Connie begins to fall asleep in the story as she is laying outside in a lawn chair. Joyce Carol Oates never directly states she is now dreaming but provides the reader with clues to suggest it. The story reads â€Å"when she opened her eyes she hardly knew where she was, the back yard ran off into weeds and a fence-like line of trees and behind it the sky was perfectly blue and still† (Oates 211). When a person is dreaming they can be in an unacquainted place and sometimes unaware of where they are. Connie is experiencing these happenings as she â€Å"wakes up† or begins the journey into her nightmare. The asbestos â€Å"ranch house† that was now three years old startled her- it looked small. She shook her head as if to get awake† (Oates 211). Oates included this in the story as a clue to readers that Connie is still asleep. The phrase â€Å"as if to get awake,† indicates that she shook her head, but it did not wake her up. Arnold Friend shows up at Connie’s house to convince her to come take a ride with him in his car. He seems nice at first, but she soon realizes how creepy and unusual this boy really is. She keeps telling him to leave and that she does not want to go for a ride, but that doesn’t stop Arnold from attempting to persuade her.Connie refuses to step outside and stays in the house. While she is inside Joyce Carol Oates says, â€Å"The kitchen looked like a place she had never seen before, some room she had run inside but that wasn’t good enough, wasn’t going to help her. The kitchen window had never had a curtain†¦ † (216). This is another example that during a nightmare the place you live can loo k different and unfamiliar, and some things look a bit strange. This is what Connie is experiencing in the story as she examines her surroundings, and these details are information that proves she is dreaming. â€Å"Seen you that night and thought, that’s the one, yes sir.I never needed to look anymore† (Oates 217). This is a flashback in Connie’s nightmare where she is remembering the reality of seeing the boy in real life that triggered the nightmare she experiences in the story. The reader has to infer that things that frighten a person in their life have the ability to develop nightmares because we are worried or fearful, which makes it hard to forget them. Arnold threatens to come inside multiple times if she touches the telephone to call the police. Having a nightmare gives us the capability to create ways to keep the â€Å"bad guy† or in this case, Arnold, away from us.Connie is able to stay safely inside away from him as long as she does not touch the phone. In reality Arnold Friend might come running inside regardless of if she touched the phone, and drag her out to the car. The very last sentence in the story says, â€Å"so much land that Connie had never seen before and did not recognize except to know that she was going to it† (Oates 219). This is the ending of the story right after Connie gave up and agreed to go with Arnold, and she is describing her view as she walks out the door and into his arms.Joyce Carol Oates creates the idea that Connie does not recognize anything around her house, and she had never seen it before. This is an important detail the reader needs to catch in order to realize that Connie is in fact, in a dream. In conclusion, there are several details throughout this story to support the argument that Joyce Carol Oates develops her story portraying Connie experiencing a nightmare. To thoroughly understand this story I had to reread the vital parts that indicate she is in a dream. Analyzing th e story gave me the advantage of nterpreting and discovering this information, because before I explored the text I did not believe it was about a girl having a nightmare. It is important for any reader to do the same, because the author never directly points out these possible aspects of the story. There are clues to indicate that Connie was also not in a nightmare, but I found more indications leading towards the fact that she was. One clue being that Oates never specifies Connie being fully awake or asleep. So the story is still a mystery in the idea that, is it a nightmare or reality?

China s Aging Population And The Hukou System - 1098 Words

The selection of blog entries is an important process involving the need to thoroughly take into account the subject topic and accordingly carry out the review of the topic. The blogs are means to represent the idea in brief in order to make it clear for understanding by the reader. The blog should not be formed of complex set of words, which are tough to understand by the reader. Instead, the precise description in an easy language should be carried out in order to benefit the reader by adding to their knowledge. Thus, two blogs have been written here titled as China s aging population, and The Hukou system. Each of these has been described in the context of the topic so as to make them clear and precise enough to the reader. The blog titled China s aging population describes how the increase in population is a growing concern for the country. The reason for selection of this topic is to explore how the increase in aged population of China is causing an impact on the country s economic system. The increase in population is a serious issue of concern, which is well controlled by the government through introducing one-child policy (Peilin, 2015). This parameter has however resulted into several side effects such as increase in aged people in the country. As a result of this, the expenses associated with elderly people is also increasing, which is an interesting area focused in the blog. It was rather a good choice of topic as it helped in exploring how the increaseShow MoreRelatedThe World Population Aging1765 Words   |  8 Pagesof the world population aging Abstract: Population aging is one of the world s population development tendency. Of the world s population aging and the aging of the population in developed countries the same time.,China s aging population has intensified. The aging of the population have is social progress and economic development. This paper will analysis about Chinese and American population ageing. But, the aging of the population has led to the burden of the working population growing problemsRead MoreThe Rise Of The Communist Party2263 Words   |  10 Pages Ever since the Communist Party came to power in 1949 in China, the leader Chairman Mao (Mao Zedong), who believed deeply in manpower, encouraged bigger families with more children. To accomplish this, he abandoned abortions and the use of contraception. His ultimate goal was to increase the labor force and the strength and power of the People s Liberation Army. It was estimated that there was around 540 million people in the country in 1949. However, th e number quickly grew into around 940 millionRead MoreThe Construction Of Early Chinese Housing1700 Words   |  7 PagesThe ideology of Oriental housing has seen little change from rural to urban areas. The imperial structures would always stand apart from their counterparts, but the construction techniques were similar. The urban areas had to accommodate a denser population than in the rural areas, as such spacing of lots was a concern. In the rural areas, housing requirements were focused on housing livestock and family, as well as providing adequate space to harvest and prepare crops. Rural areas of the country wereRead MoreHuman Development Index ( Hdi )2211 Words   |  9 Pageslate 1970s by Deng Xiaoping (paramount leader), China has been among the most rapidly growing economies in the world. Although having serious natural resource scarcity this growth has been speared headed through 80% of china’s exports are manufactured goods making china heavily dependant on int ernational markets (export-led) . The Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP) of china in 1962 was at record lows of 130.14 USD, since market reforms, China regularly exceeding 10% GDP growth annually (figureRead MoreChina: Building Capitalism with Socialist Characteristics13709 Words   |  55 Pages9-706-041 REV: OCTOBER 16, 2006 DEBORA SPAR JEAN OI China: Building â€Å"Capitalism with Socialist Characteristics† We must not act like women with bound feet! If we want socialism to triumph over capitalism, we should not hesitate to draw on the achievements of all cultures. We need to learn from other countries, including the developed capitalist countries. — Deng Xiaoping, 19921 In November 2005, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued its 11th five- year plan. As was typical forRead MoreChina: Building Capitalism with Socialist Characteristics13701 Words   |  55 Pages9-706-041 REV: OCTOBER 16, 2006 DEBORA SPAR JEAN OI China: Building â€Å"Capitalism with Socialist Characteristics† We must not act like women with bound feet! If we want socialism to triumph over capitalism, we should not hesitate to draw on the achievements of all cultures. We need to learn from other countries, including the developed capitalist countries. — Deng Xiaoping, 19921 In November 2005, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued its 11th five- year plan. As was typical for

Analysis Of Last Days - 1210 Words

During Socrates’ last days, he speaks with Cebes about the fate of the soul. Cebes is unconvinced that the soul doesn’t die concurrently with the body, which leads him to create an alternative analogy. Cebes’ imperfect analogy compares the body and soul to a cloak and a weaver, respectively. A cloak can be worn over and over again, which represents multiple human lives in a body. The weaver, however, outlasts each cloak until the last cloak dies. Cebes argues that because the weaver no long has a cloak to wear, he will die. This means that although the soul may preexist and outlive a body, it too will eventually die. Therefore, if Cebes’ analogy turns out to be more accurate and correct, then the soul is not immortal. Socrates, on the other hand, believes that the soul is immortal and looks to Forms to prove the soul’s immortality. He provides a â€Å"safe answer† that helps the reader understand not only his argument, but Plato’s argu ment and view of philosophy as well. In order to respond to Cebes’ argument, Socrates discusses causes. As a young man, Socrates was interested in physical science. However, he grew uninterested in physical science because he believed the inquiry into nature and science blinded him from certain ideas that he found paradoxical. For example, he was dissatisfied by the idea that â€Å"two† can be achieved in multiple ways: adding together two items or dividing a single item into two parts (97a-b). He believed there should be a consistent cause for this,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Last Days Of Innocence938 Words   |  4 PagesSandy Tom HIST 1302 – XS1 Read-Write #1 – Meirion and Susie Harries â€Å"Do You Want To Live Forever† The Last Days of Innocence talks about the involvement of America in World War 1, when more than five million servicemen took part, and nearly a quarter were wounded or dead. 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